middle ages to modern times

Middle Ages to modern times

Byzantine Empire (395-1453)
- Empire of Nicaea (1204-1261)
- Empire of Trebizond
- Despotate of Epirus
Great Bulgaria (632-660)
Volga Bulgaria (660-1236)
First Bulgarian Kingdom (681-1018)
- Bulgarian Khanate (681-864)
Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1186-1396)
Third Bulgarian Kingdom (1878-1944)
- Principality of Bulgaria (1878-1908)
Crusader States (1098-1291)
- County of Edessa
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Principality of Antioch
- County of Tripoli
- Kingdom of Cyprus
- Latin Empire of Constantinople
- Kingdom of Thessalonica
- Principality of Achaea
- Duchy of Athens
- Duchy of the Archipelago
Frankish Kingdom (~419-843)
Hanseatic League -- note that, while no longer sovereign, the League is not dissolved
Holy Roman Empire (843-1806)
- List of Reichstag participants (1792)
Pomerania ruled by the Dukes of Pomerania (1121-1637)
Brandenburg-Prussia (1660 - 1701)
Kingdom of Prussia (1701 - 1918)
Habsburg Empire (1282-1867)
Khazar Empire (652-1016)
Kievan Rus (860 - 12th century)
States in Medieval Britain
Mongol Empire (1200-1266)
Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily (1043-1410, 1442-1500, 1735-1860)
Papal States — partially annexed by the kingdom of Italy in 1860, completely annexed in 1870.
Roman Republic (19th century)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815 - 1860)
Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th century)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (-1795)
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1795)
Kingdom of Poland (1815-1831(1916))
Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918)
Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1815)
Free City of Danzig (1807-1815) (1920-1939)
Republic of Krakow (1815-1846)
Duchy of Courland (1561-1795)
Duchy of Masovia (-1561)
Spanish states
- Aragon (1035-1479)
- Castile (11th century - 1469)
- Kingdom of León (913-1037, 1195-1230)
Republic of Venice (727-1797)
Republic of Ragusa/Dubrovnik (1358-1808)
Mediæval Irish gaelic states and polity
Lordship of Ireland (1171-1541)
Kingdom of Ireland (1541-1800)
Kingdom of England (-1707)
Principality of Wales (-1282, 1400-1536)
Kingdom of Scotland (-1707)
Commonwealth of England